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ISC Board Exam
Class-12-exams Syllabus

ISC Board Exam Syllabus 2026

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ISC Board Exam Syllabus

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026: Overview

The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-2026 has been released by CISCE. Changes have been made in around 10 subjects.

The subjects with changes include Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accountancy, Geography, History, Political Science, Legal Studies and Psychology. English and Economics are the same.

ISC Class 12 Exam Pattern

The ISC Class 12 Exam Pattern has a specific marking scheme for most subjects. Theory exams are worth 80 marks, and an additional 20 marks are allocated for practical or internal assessment.

Science subjects follow a different pattern. In these subjects, the theory exam is for 70 marks and the practical exam is for 30 marks. Mathematics carries the entire 100 marks for the theory exam.

  • In Physics, practicals carry 15 marks for experiments and 10 marks for project work.
  • In Business Studies, 20 marks are given to reports and case studies.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus PDF Download

You can download the ISC Class 12 subject-wise syllabus PDF from the CISCE official website cisceboard.org.

The PDF is available under the section "Regulations & Syllabuses". It includes the total questions, marks in each section and weightage.

Key Summary

  • The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 has been released by CISCE.
  • Changes are present in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accountancy, Geography, History, Political Science, Legal Studies and Psychology.
  • The ISC Class 12 Exam follows a format of 80 marks for the theory exam in most subjects and 20 marks for the internal assessment.

What is the ISC Class 12 Syllabus?

The ISC Class 12 Syllabus is released by CISCE. It includes the topics, chapters, marking scheme, weightage and internal or project requirements for subjects like science, commerce and humanities.

The ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 has been revised for subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Accounts and History. English and Economics are the same.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: Key Details

The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) conducts the ISC Class 12 board exams. The syllabus applies to the Academic Year 2025–26, with exams in 2026.

The syllabus covers three streams: Science, Commerce, and Humanities/Arts.

ComponentDetails
Conducting BodyCouncil for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)
Applicable SessionAcademic Year 2025–26, Exam in 2026
Streams CoveredScience, Commerce, Humanities/Arts
Revised Subjects (2026)Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accounts, History, Geography, Political Science, Legal Studies, Psychology
Unchanged SubjectsEnglish, Economics (and some others)
Marking SchemeScience: 70 (Theory) + 30 (Practical/Project)
Non-Science: 80 (Theory) + 20 (Project)
Maths: 100 (Theory)
Evaluation ComponentsTheory exams, Practical/Project work, Internal assessment
Exam Duration3 Hours for most subjects
Total MarksUsually 100 per subject
Syllabus FormatUnit-wise chapters, course structure, project guidelines, and evaluation criteria
Official SourceCISCE Website "cisceboard.org": Regulations & Syllabuses Section

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: PDF Download

CISCE has revised the syllabus of 12 subjects for the session 2025-26. The revised ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26 PDF can be downloaded from the links provided in the table below:

SubjectsSyllabus PDF
PhysicsDownload Here
ChemistryDownload Here
BiologyDownload Here
MathematicsDownload Here
HistoryDownload Here
Political ScienceDownload Here
GeographyDownload Here
SociologyDownload Here
PsychologyDownload Here
CommerceDownload Here
AccountsDownload Here
Legal StudiesDownload Here

The syllabus of the following subjects has NOT been changed:

SubjectsSyllabus PDF
EnglishDownload Here
Indian LanguagesDownload Here
Modern Foreign LanguagesDownload Here
Classical LanguagesDownload Here
Elective EnglishDownload Here
EconomicsDownload Here
Business StudiesDownload Here
Home ScienceDownload Here
Fashion DesigningDownload Here
Electricity and ElectronicsDownload Here
Engineering ScienceDownload Here
Geometrical and Mechanical DrawingDownload Here
Geometrical and Building DrawingDownload Here
ArtDownload Here
MusicDownload Here
Physical EducationDownload Here
Environmental ScienceDownload Here
Computer ScienceDownload Here
BiotechnologyDownload Here
Mass Media & CommunicationDownload Here
Hospitality ManagementDownload Here

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise

The ISC Class 12 syllabus includes the requirements for each subject for the board exam. This covers all topics, internal and practical work, and the distribution of marks in each subject.

Candidates can plan, practice, and focus on high-weightage topics as per the ISC Class 12 Syllabus.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics

The Physics syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 is divided into nine units. Each unit covers specific sub-topics that students must prepare for the board exam.

Unit Sub-Topics
Electrostatics Electric charges and fields, Coulomb’s law, Electric dipole, Electric flux, Gauss’ theorem and its applications, Electric potential and potential energy, Capacitance, Dielectrics.
Current Electricity Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistivity, Combination of resistors, Cells in series/parallel, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge, Potentiometer.
Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s circuital law, Force on current-carrying conductors, Moving coil galvanometer, Magnetic dipole, Earth’s magnetism, Magnetic properties of materials.
Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, Self and mutual induction, Eddy currents, Alternating currents, LCR circuits, Transformers, Power transmission.
Electromagnetic Waves Characteristics of EM waves, Displacement current, Electromagnetic spectrum.
Optics Reflection, Refraction, Lenses, Prisms, Optical instruments (microscope, telescope), Wave optics, Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation.
Dual Nature of Matter & Radiation Photoelectric effect, Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson-Germer experiment.
Atoms & Nuclei Atomic models, Hydrogen spectrum, Radioactivity, Nuclear fission and fusion.
Electronic Devices Semiconductors, Diodes, Junction transistors, Logic gates.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry

The Chemistry syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 contains 17 units. These units range from physical chemistry topics like Solid State to organic chemistry topics like Biomolecules.

Unit Sub-Topics
Solid State Types of solids, Crystal lattices, Unit cells, Packing efficiency, Defects in solids.
Solutions Concentration terms, Raoult’s law, Colligative properties, Abnormal molar masses.
Electrochemistry Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, Electrolysis, Conductivity.
Chemical Kinetics Rate of reaction, Order and molecularity, Integrated rate equations, Arrhenius equation.
Surface Chemistry Adsorption, Catalysis, Colloids, Emulsions.
General Principles & Processes of Isolation Metallurgy, Extraction principles.
p-Block Element (Group 15, 16, 17, 18) Properties, Compounds of N, P, O, S, Halogens, Noble gases.
d-Block Elements (Transition) Properties, Compounds, Alloys.
f-Block Elements (Lanthanides, Actinides) Characteristics, Uses.
Coordination Compounds Ligands, Nomenclature, Bonding theories.
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Mechanisms.
Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers Structures, Reactions, Uses.
Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids Preparation, Properties, Reactions.
Amines Classification, Preparation, Properties.
Biomolecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic acids.
Polymers Types, Preparation, Uses.
Chemistry in Everyday Life Drugs, cleansing agents, and Applications.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics

The Mathematics syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 is organised into eight units. The units cover topics from Relations & Functions to Statistics.

Unit Sub-Topics
Relations & Functions Types of relations, Functions, Inverse trigonometric functions.
Algebra Matrices, Determinants, Solution of linear equations.
Calculus Continuity, Differentiability, Differentiation, Applications of derivatives, Integrals, Definite integrals, Applications of integrals, Differential equations.
Vectors Vector algebra, Scalar & vector products.
3D Geometry Direction cosines, Equations of line and plane, Angle between planes/lines.
Linear Programming Formulation, Graphical solutions, Optimal solutions.
Probability Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, Random variables, Probability distributions.
Statistics Measures of dispersion, Regression, Correlation.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology

The Biology syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 has five units. These units cover topics from Reproduction to Ecology & Environment.

Unit Sub-Topics
Reproduction Reproduction in organisms, Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, Human reproduction, Reproductive health.
Genetics & Evolution Mendelian genetics, Chromosomal theory, Molecular basis of inheritance, and Evolution theories.
Biology & Human Welfare Human diseases, Immunity, and Microbes in human welfare.
Biotechnology Principles, Processes, Applications.
Ecology & Environment Organisms and environment, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Environmental issues.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts

The Accounts syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 is listed here. The specific units and sub-topics for this subject are part of the official curriculum.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accountancy

The Accountancy syllabus for ISC Class 12 in 2026 is divided into four main units. Each unit covers specific topics related to financial accounting.

UnitSub-Topics
Partnership AccountsFundamentals, Goodwill, Change in profit-sharing ratio, Admission, Retirement, Death of a partner, Dissolution.
Company AccountsIssue of shares, Forfeiture & reissue, Issue of debentures, Redemption of debentures.
Not-for-Profit OrganisationsAccounts of clubs, schools, and other non-profit entities.
Financial Statement AnalysisComparative statements, Common size statements, Ratio analysis, Cash flow statement.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History

The History syllabus for 2026 covers Indian history from the growth of nationalism to the contemporary world. It is organised into six units.

UnitSub-Topics
Growth of NationalismFactors promoting nationalism, Early nationalist leaders, Indian National Congress.
Emergence of the Colonial EconomyAgriculture, Industries, Railways, Trade.
Social & Religious Reform MovementsBrahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, Aligarh Movement, Others.
Gandhian EraNon-cooperation, Civil disobedience, Quit India Movement.
Partition & IndependenceMountbatten Plan, Partition of India, Integration of princely states.
Contemporary WorldUN, Cold War, Non-Aligned Movement, Disarmament, Human Rights, Globalisation.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: English (Compulsory)

The English syllabus consists of two papers: English Language and English Literature. Both papers are compulsory.

Paper 1: English Language

UnitSubtopics
Functional GrammarTransformation of sentences, Correct usage, Prepositions, Vocabulary in context
ComprehensionUnseen passages with questions based on content, vocabulary, and inference
CompositionEssays (narrative, descriptive, argumentative, reflective, short story)
Directed WritingReport writing, Proposal writing, Article, Speech, Review, Letter writing

Paper 2: English Literature

UnitSubtopics
DramaThe Tempest (Shakespeare)
PoetryPrescribed poems from the Golden Treasury / other anthology by CISCE
ProsePrescribed short stories/novel

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Physics

The Physics syllabus for 2026 includes seven units. It covers topics from electrostatics to modern physics, along with practical work.

UnitSubtopics
ElectrostaticsElectric charges & fields, Gauss’s Law, Capacitance
Current ElectricityOhm’s Law, Circuits, Kirchhoff’s laws, Potentiometer, Wheatstone bridge
MagnetismMagnetic fields, Earth’s magnetism, Magnetic properties of materials
Electromagnetic InductionFaraday’s law, Lenz’s law, Inductance, Alternating current
OpticsRay optics, Wave optics, Interference, Diffraction, Polarisation
Modern PhysicsDual nature of matter, Atoms, Nuclei, Radioactivity, Semiconductors
Practical WorkExperiments, Project Work, Viva

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Chemistry

The Chemistry syllabus for 2026 is divided into eight units. It includes physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry, as well as practical work.

UnitSubtopics
Solid StateCrystal lattices, Unit cell, Packing efficiency
SolutionsConcentration, Raoult’s Law, Colligative properties
ElectrochemistryRedox reactions, Conductance, Nernst equation
Chemical KineticsRate law, Order of reaction, Arrhenius equation
Surface ChemistryAdsorption, Colloids, Catalysis
Organic ChemistryAldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Amines, Biomolecules
Inorganic ChemistryCoordination compounds, p-block, d-block & f-block elements
Practical WorkQualitative analysis, Titrations, Project

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Mathematics

The Mathematics syllabus for 2026 has five units. It covers algebra, calculus, vectors, probability, and linear programming.

UnitSubtopics
AlgebraRelations & Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Matrices, Determinants
CalculusContinuity & Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Differential equations
Vectors & 3DVector algebra, 3D geometry (planes, lines, distance, angles)
Probability & StatisticsProbability distribution, Variance, Bayes’ theorem
Linear ProgrammingLPP and solutions using the graphical method

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Biology

The Biology syllabus is divided into five main units along with practical work.

Unit Subtopics
Reproduction Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, Human reproduction, Reproductive health
Genetics & Evolution Principles of inheritance, Molecular basis, Evolution
Biology in Human Welfare Human health, Diseases, Strategies for food production
Biotechnology Principles, Processes, Applications
Ecology Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Environmental issues
Practical Work Experiments, Project, Spotting, Record work

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Accounts

The Accounts syllabus covers partnership, company accounts, and financial analysis.

Unit Subtopics
Partnership Accounts Fundamentals, Reconstitution, Dissolution
Company Accounts Issue of shares/debentures, Redemption, Final accounts
Financial Statement Analysis Comparative, Common size, Ratio analysis, Cash Flow Statement
Non-Profit Organizations Accounts of NPOs
Computerized Accounting Concepts, Features, Applications

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: History

The History syllabus includes Indian nationalism, colonial economy, and world affairs.

Unit Subtopics
Growth of Nationalism Moderates, Extremists, Gandhian era
Emergence of the Colonial Economy Land revenue systems, Railways, Trade
World Affairs World Wars, Cold War, UNO, NAM
Contemporary Issues Human rights, Globalisation

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Geography

The Geography syllabus is split into physical, human, and economic geography, plus map work.

Unit Subtopics
Physical Geography Landforms, Climate, Soils, Natural Hazards
Human Geography Population, Migration, Settlements
Economic Geography Agriculture, Minerals, Industries, Transport
Map Work Topographical maps, Practical cartography

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Political Science

The Political Science syllabus covers the Indian Constitution, Indian politics, and international relations.

Unit Subtopics
Indian Constitution Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Amendments
Indian Politics Party system, Federalism, Elections, Judiciary
International Relations UN, WTO, EU, SAARC, Global issues

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Legal Studies

The Legal Studies syllabus includes political institutions, legal history, and human rights.

Unit Subtopics
Theory & Nature of Political Institutions Law, State, Sovereignty
Historical Evolution of the Indian Legal System British legacy, Constitution
Nature of Legal Practices Lawyers, Judges, Legal professionals
Human Rights in India Fundamental Rights, RTI, PIL

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Psychology

The Psychology syllabus covers intelligence, personality, social psychology, and disorders.

Unit Subtopics
Intelligence & Aptitude IQ, Emotional intelligence, Tests
Personality Traits, Theories, Assessment
Social Psychology Attitude, Prejudice, Group dynamics
Psychological Disorders Anxiety, Depression, Schizophrenia
Therapeutic Approaches Counselling, Psychotherapy

ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Practical

The ISC Class 12 Practical syllabus strengthens conceptual clarity and experimental learning.

  • Science subjects like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology emphasise laboratory experiments.
  • Accounts, Business Studies, Geography, and Psychology focus on projects, fieldwork, and case studies.
  • The practical syllabus includes experiments, records, viva, and project submission.
  • These components ensure students apply theoretical knowledge in real-life scenarios.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus: Practical and Project Focus Areas

The ISC Class 12 syllabus includes practical and project work in most subjects. The focus areas differ by subject.

Subject Practical / Project Focus Areas
Physics Experiments (optics, electricity, magnetism), lab records, viva
Chemistry Titrations, salt analysis, organic tests, records, viva
Biology Spotting, slide prep, enzyme/osmosis experiments, project, viva
Mathematics Project work (modelling, statistics, graph-based analysis)
Accounts Financial statement/project, ratio & cash flow analysis
Business Studies Case study, field survey, business project report
Economics Statistical project, data analysis with graphs & correlation
Geography Map work, field survey, cartography project
Computer Science Programming (Java/Python), project file, viva
Psychology Experiments (memory, aptitude, learning), project/case study
Environmental Education Field-based environmental project/report

ISC Class 12 Marking Scheme and Weightage

Most theory subjects in the ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2026 carry 80 marks, with practical or project work worth 20 marks. This split covers both conceptual knowledge and application skills.

Subject Theory Marks Practical / Project Marks Total
English 100 100
Physics 70 30 100
Chemistry 70 30 100
Biology 70 30 100
Mathematics 80 20 (Project) 100
Accounts 80 20 (Project) 100
Business Studies 80 20 (Project/Case study) 100
Economics 80 20 (Project/Fieldwork) 100
History 80 20 (Project) 100
Political Science 80 20 (Project) 100
Geography 70 30 (Practical & Fieldwork) 100
Computer Science 70 30 (Practical/Project) 100
Psychology 70 30 (Practical/Case study) 100
Environmental Education 100 (Project-based) 100

ISC Class 12 Important Topics

The ISC Class 12 syllabus includes high-weightage and frequently asked topics in all subjects. These topics are important for scoring well in the board exam.

Subject Important Topics
Physics Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, Modern Physics
Chemistry Electrochemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Organic Chemistry (Aldehydes, Amines), Coordination Compounds
Biology Genetics, Evolution, Human Reproduction, Biotechnology, Ecology
Mathematics Calculus, Probability, Vectors & 3D Geometry, Matrices & Determinants
Accounts Partnership Accounts, Company Accounts, Financial Statement Analysis
Business Studies Principles of Management, Marketing, Business Environment
Economics National Income, Money & Banking, Government Budget, Indian Economy
History National Movement, World Wars, Cold War, Contemporary Issues
Political Science Indian Constitution, Federalism, Party System, International Relations
Geography Population, Resources, Agriculture, Industries, Map Work
Computer Science Programming (Java/Python), Data Structures, Database Management
Psychology Intelligence, Personality, Social Psychology, Psychological Disorders

FAQs for ISC Class 12 Syllabus

Is the Class 12 2025–26 syllabus released?

CISCE has released the complete subject-wise syllabus for 2025-2026, including practical and project-based requirements. Some changes have been made in Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accounts and Geography, while other subjects remain the same.

ISC Board Exam 2025-26: Key Details at a Glance

The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) has released the syllabus for the ISC Board Exam for the academic session 2025-26. The syllabus is available in PDF format on the CISCE official website.

Detail Information
Board CISCE
Academic Session 2025–26
Release Status Released
Mode of Access PDF on CISCE official website
Subjects Revised Physics, Chemistry, Accounts, Geography, etc.
Subjects Unchanged English, Economics

Is 80% Good in Class 12 ISC?

Yes, a score of 80% in the ISC Class 12 Exam is considered an above-average and respectable score. It is accepted as a strong academic performance by universities in India and abroad.

  • 80% – First division and competitive for most UG courses.
  • Universities in India & abroad consider 80% a strong academic performance.

Is ISC Very Difficult?

The ISC Exam is more detailed compared to other board exams. The syllabus focuses on application-based questions, answers, and practical work.

The ISC Exams are not easy, and candidates should prepare in a proper, systematic way.

Factor Analysis
Syllabus Depth More comprehensive than many boards
Evaluation Strict but balanced
Practical Work Essential in Science & Commerce streams
Verdict Challenging but manageable with consistent study

Is It Easy to Get 90% in ISC?

Getting 90% in ISC requires a focused study plan because the syllabus is vast and application-based. Candidates should practice a structured writing style, solve previous year question papers, and prioritise the high-weightage topics.

To score more than 90%, candidates should:

  • Target high-weightage chapters first.
  • Practice past 10-year board papers.
  • Use flowcharts, headings, and keywords in answers.
  • Balance theory revision with practical/project work.

Is ISC Enough for JEE?

The ISC syllabus includes conceptual understanding in Physics, Chemistry & Mathematics. However, the JEE depends more on problem-solving and application skills.

ISC Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26: Release Status

The CISCE has released the complete subject-wise syllabus for the 2025-2026 academic session. The syllabus is available as a PDF on the CISCE official website.

Some subjects have been revised for this session, while others remain unchanged.

  • Subjects Revised: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, Accounts, Geography
  • Subjects Unchanged: English, Economics

Is 80% a Good Score in ISC Class 12?

Yes, a score of 80% in the ISC Class 12 Exam is considered an above-average and respectable score. This score is competitive for most undergraduate courses.

Universities in India and abroad consider 80% a strong academic performance. It falls in the first division category.

How Difficult is the ISC Exam?

The ISC Exam is more detailed compared to other board exams. The syllabus focuses on application-based questions, answers, and practical work.

The exam is not easy, and candidates need a proper and systematic preparation plan. It is challenging but manageable with consistent study.

Factor Analysis
Syllabus Depth More comprehensive than many boards
Evaluation Strict but balanced
Practical Work Essential in Science & Commerce streams
Verdict Challenging but manageable with consistent study

How to Score 90% in ISC?

Achieving 90% in ISC requires a focused study plan because the syllabus is vast and application-based. Candidates should practice a structured writing style and solve previous year question papers.

To score more than 90%, candidates should follow these steps:

  • Target high-weightage chapters first.
  • Practice past 10-year board papers.
  • Use flowcharts, headings, and keywords in answers.
  • Balance theory revision with practical/project work.

Is ISC Syllabus Enough for JEE Preparation?

The ISC syllabus provides conceptual understanding in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, but JEE requires more problem-solving and application skills. The ISC syllabus is a good foundation, but extra JEE-specific preparation is necessary.

Aspect ISC Syllabus Coverage
Physics Covers NCERT-level topics, but JEE requires advanced problem-solving
Chemistry Organic & Physical overlap, but JEE asks higher-level numerical questions
Mathematics Similar concepts, but the JEE level is tougher
Verdict The ISC syllabus is good for foundation, but extra JEE-specific preparation is necessary

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