NIOS Board Class X Exam Syllabus 2027
NIOS Board Class X Exam Syllabus
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: Download Subject-wise PDFs
The NIOS Class X syllabus for 2027 is prescribed by the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS), a national board under the Ministry of Education, Government of India. Students enrolled in the NIOS Secondary programme for 2027 must download the subject-wise syllabus PDF from the official website nios.ac.in.
The syllabus is available free of charge at nios.ac.in under the Secondary Courses section. Students should build their study plan around the official NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs).
The 2027 revised content for Science and Social Science is not available in NCERT or older editions. Download the updated NIOS SLMs from nios.ac.in.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: Overview
The NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus spans 35+ subjects. A student must pass any 5 subjects, including at least one language subject, to earn the Secondary certificate.
- Each subject carries a maximum of 100 marks.
- 80 marks are for the Public Examination (theory).
- 20 marks are for the Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA).
- A minimum 33% aggregate (theory + TMA combined) is required to pass each subject.
- There is no separate TMA pass mark.
NIOS Class X 2027: Important Dates
NIOS holds examinations in two sessions per year. The 2027 sessions are Block I and Block II.
| Session | Examination Period |
|---|---|
| Block I | April–May 2027 |
| Block II | October–November 2027 |
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: What's New?
The NIOS 2027 syllabus has been updated under NEP 2020 alignment. Social Science includes two new modules on Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
In Science & Technology, chapter sequencing has been revised. Motion and Force now precede Light and Sound in the 2027 SLM.
NIOS Class X Mathematics Syllabus 2027
The Mathematics syllabus for NIOS Class X 2027 is available for download from the official website. Students must refer to the subject-wise PDF for complete chapter details.
Mathematics Chapter-wise Weightage
Chapter-wise weightage for Mathematics is provided in the official syllabus document. Students should download the PDF from nios.ac.in for the exact distribution of marks across chapters.
NIOS Class X Science & Technology Syllabus 2027
The Science & Technology syllabus for 2027 includes revised chapter sequencing. Motion and Force now come before Light and Sound in the 2027 SLM.
Science & Technology Chapter-wise Weightage
Chapter-wise weightage for Science & Technology is available in the official syllabus PDF. Students must refer to the document on nios.ac.in for the marks distribution.
NIOS Class X Social Science Syllabus 2027
The Social Science syllabus for 2027 includes two new modules under NEP 2020 alignment. These modules are Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
NIOS Class X English Syllabus 2027
The English syllabus for NIOS Class X 2027 is available as a subject-wise PDF. Students can download it from the official NIOS website.
NIOS Class X Hindi Syllabus 2027
The Hindi syllabus for NIOS Class X 2027 is available as a subject-wise PDF. Students can download it from the official NIOS website.
NIOS Class X Other Subjects Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus covers 35+ subjects. Students can choose any 5 subjects, with at least one language subject, to earn the Secondary certificate.
NIOS Class X Subject-wise Marks & Weightage 2027
Each subject in the NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus carries a maximum of 100 marks. The marks are divided between theory and TMA.
| Component | Marks |
|---|---|
| Public Examination (Theory) | 80 |
| Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) | 20 |
| Total | 100 |
A minimum 33% aggregate (theory + TMA combined) is required to pass each subject. There is no separate TMA pass mark.
Best Books for NIOS Class X 2027
The official NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs) are the primary study resource for the 2027 syllabus. The 2027 revised content for Science and Social Science is not available in NCERT or older editions.
How to Download NIOS Class X Syllabus PDF
The official NIOS Secondary syllabus PDF is available free of charge at nios.ac.in. Students must visit the Secondary Courses section to download the subject-wise syllabus.
- Go to nios.ac.in.
- Navigate to the Secondary Courses section.
- Select the subject for the syllabus PDF.
- Download the PDF for the 2027 syllabus.
NIOS Class X Preparation Tips 2027
Students should build their study plan around the official NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs). The 2027 revised content for Science and Social Science is only available in the updated SLMs.
Students must download the updated NIOS SLMs from nios.ac.in. The revised content is not available in NCERT or older editions.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027 FAQs
Students can find answers to common questions about the NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus below.
How many subjects are in the NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus?
The syllabus spans 35+ subjects. Students must pass any 5 subjects, including at least one language subject, to earn the Secondary certificate.
What is the passing mark for NIOS Class X 2027?
A minimum 33% aggregate (theory + TMA combined) is required to pass each subject. There is no separate TMA pass mark.
What is the exam pattern for NIOS Class X 2027?
Each subject carries a maximum of 100 marks. 80 marks are for the Public Examination (theory) and 20 marks are for the TMA.
When are the NIOS Class X 2027 exams?
NIOS holds examinations in two sessions per year. Block I is in April–May 2027 and Block II is in October–November 2027.
Where can I download the NIOS Class X 2027 syllabus PDF?
The official NIOS Secondary syllabus PDF is available free of charge at nios.ac.in under the Secondary Courses section.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: Overview
NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) offers Secondary education through a flexible, self-paced Open and Distance Learning (ODL) model. Regular school attendance is not required. Learning happens through NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs) and optional study centre support.
The NIOS Secondary certificate is recognised as equivalent to Class 10 by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) and the Ministry of Education, Government of India.
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Board Name | National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) |
| Exam Level | Secondary (Class X) |
| Official Website | nios.ac.in |
| Academic Year | 2026–27 (Exams in 2027) |
| Subjects Available | 35+ subjects including 18 language options |
| Minimum Subjects for Certificate | 5 subjects (at least 1 language; maximum 2 language subjects) |
| Maximum Marks Per Subject | 100 (Theory: 80 + TMA: 20) |
| Minimum Passing Marks | 33% aggregate per subject (theory + TMA combined) |
| Exam Mode | Offline (Pen-and-Paper) |
| Exam Duration | 3 hours per subject |
| Exam Sessions (2027) | Block I: April–May 2027 | Block II: October–November 2027 |
| Syllabus Basis | NCERT framework; NEP 2020 aligned; ODL model |
| Languages of Instruction | Hindi, English, Urdu, Odia, and other regional languages (varies by subject) |
| Governing Authority | Ministry of Education, Government of India |
| Registration Portal | sdmis.nios.ac.in |
NIOS Class X 2027: Important Dates
NIOS conducts the Secondary exam in two blocks each year. All 2027 exam dates are expected — official dates will be published on nios.ac.in once confirmed.
Register and submit your TMA well ahead of each deadline. A missed TMA submission makes you ineligible to sit the theory exam for that block.
| Event | Block I (April–May 2027) | Block II (October–November 2027) |
|---|---|---|
| Admission / Registration Opens | October 2026 (Expected) | March 2027 (Expected) |
| Last Date to Register (without late fee) | January 2027 (Expected) | July 2027 (Expected) |
| TMA Submission Deadline | February 2027 (Expected) | August 2027 (Expected) |
| Admit Card Release | March 2027 (Expected) | September 2027 (Expected) |
| Theory Examinations | April–May 2027 (Expected) | October–November 2027 (Expected) |
| Result Declaration | June–July 2027 (Expected) | December 2027 (Expected) |
All 2027 dates are expected based on NIOS's historical scheduling pattern. Confirm exact dates at nios.ac.in after the official notification is released.
NIOS Class X Syllabus: Subject List
NIOS offers a wide range of subjects at the Secondary level. Each subject has a specific code and a syllabus PDF available on the official website.
| Subject | Subject Code | Syllabus PDF |
|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 201 | NIOS Hindi Syllabus PDF |
| English | 202 | NIOS English Syllabus PDF |
| Mathematics | 211 | NIOS Mathematics Syllabus PDF |
| Science & Technology | 212 | NIOS Science & Technology Syllabus PDF |
| Social Science | 213 | NIOS Social Science Syllabus PDF |
| Economics | 214 | NIOS Economics Syllabus PDF |
| Business Studies | 215 | NIOS Business Studies Syllabus PDF |
| Home Science | 216 | NIOS Home Science Syllabus PDF |
| Data Entry Operations | 229 | NIOS Data Entry Operations Syllabus PDF |
Syllabus PDFs are available at nios.ac.in under the online course material section for Secondary courses.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: What’s New?
The NIOS Secondary syllabus for 2027 has targeted updates under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 framework. The changes mainly affect Science & Technology and Social Science. If you are using Self Learning Materials (SLMs) from a previous year, download the latest versions from nios.ac.in. The revised content is not available in older editions.
| Subject | Change Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Science & Technology (212) | Chapter Resequencing | The Motion and Force unit has been moved before the Light and Sound unit. The physics content remains the same, only the study order has changed. Update your study schedule to match the revised SLM sequence. |
| Social Science (213) | New Modules Added | Two new modules have been added under NEP 2020 life-skills objectives: Digital Literacy (internet safety, fake news identification, e-governance) and Personal Financial Awareness (budgeting, banking services, insurance, financial planning basics). Both will be examined in the theory paper from 2027 onwards. |
| All Subjects | Pedagogical Shift | Minor chapter trimming has been done across subjects to reduce rote-learning content. There is greater emphasis on application-based and analytical questions in the public examination from 2027. |
NIOS Class X Mathematics Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X Mathematics syllabus (Subject Code 211) covers eight major units. These are Number Systems, Algebra, Geometry, Co-ordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Mensuration, Statistics & Probability, and Commercial Mathematics. Mathematics is one of the highest-scoring subjects in NIOS Class X, so consistent daily practice across all units is essential.
| Unit No. | Unit / Chapter Name | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Number Systems | Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers; representation on number line; Euclid’s division algorithm; fundamental theorem of arithmetic; decimal expansions of rational and irrational numbers. |
| 2 | Algebra | Polynomials — zeros, coefficients relationship; pair of linear equations in two variables — graphical and algebraic methods (substitution, elimination, cross-multiplication); quadratic equations — factorisation, completing the square, quadratic formula, nature of roots; arithmetic progressions — nth term and sum of n terms. |
| 3 | Geometry | Similar triangles — criteria (AA, SSS, SAS) and properties; Pythagoras theorem and its converse; circles — tangent at a point, tangents from an external point; constructions — tangent to a circle, division of a line segment in a given ratio, similar triangle construction. |
| 4 | Co-ordinate Geometry | Distance formula; section formula and midpoint formula; area of a triangle using co-ordinates; collinearity of three points; applications to practical problems. |
| 5 | Trigonometry | Trigonometric ratios of acute angles; standard angle values (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°); fundamental trigonometric identities; heights and distances — angle of elevation and angle of depression; practical application problems. |
| 6 | Mensuration | Area of circle, sector, and segment; surface area and volume of cube, cuboid, sphere, hemisphere, cylinder, cone, and frustum; combination of solids; conversion of one solid shape to another. |
| 7 | Statistics and Probability | Mean, median, and mode for grouped data; cumulative frequency distribution and ogive; probability — classical definition; complement of an event; simple single-event probability problems with cards, dice, and bags. |
| 8 | Commercial Mathematics | Simple and compound interest; profit and loss; percentage and its applications; ratio and proportion; instalment buying (EMI); basics of GST; bills and invoices; unitary method and its applications. |
NIOS Class X Mathematics Chapter-wise Weightage
The chapter-wise weightage for NIOS Class X Mathematics is not provided in the source material. Students should refer to the official NIOS website for weightage details.
NIOS Class X Mathematics Syllabus and Weightage
The NIOS Class X Mathematics syllabus is divided into eight units. The weightage given below is approximate.
| Unit | Chapter / Topics | Approx Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Algebra | Quadratic Equations, Linear Equations, Arithmetic Progressions, Polynomials | ~25% |
| Geometry | Similar Triangles, Circles, Constructions | ~20% |
| Mensuration | Surface Areas, Volumes, Frustum, Combination of Solids | ~15% |
| Trigonometry | Ratios, Identities, Heights and Distances | ~12% |
| Statistics & Probability | Mean/Median/Mode, Ogive, Probability | ~12% |
| Commercial Mathematics | Interest, Profit & Loss, GST, Instalments | ~8% |
| Co-ordinate Geometry | Distance Formula, Section Formula, Area of Triangle | ~5% |
| Number Systems | Real Numbers, Euclid’s Algorithm, Fundamental Theorem | ~3% |
NIOS Class X Science & Technology Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X Science and Technology syllabus (Subject Code 212) integrates Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science into seven thematic units. For the 2027 cycle, the unit order has been revised. Motion and Force now precede Light and Sound, so the updated 2027 SLM must be used for the correct study sequence.
| Unit No. | Unit / Chapter Name | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Food and Nutrition | Macronutrients and micronutrients — carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins (A, B, C, D), minerals; functions and dietary sources; balanced diet; deficiency diseases (scurvy, rickets, anaemia, beriberi); food adulteration — common adulterants and detection; food preservation methods — canning, drying, refrigeration, pasteurisation. |
| 2 | Matter and Materials | States of matter and interconversion; elements, compounds, mixtures; atomic structure — electrons, protons, neutrons; periodic table — groups and periods, trends; chemical bonding — ionic and covalent; acids, bases, salts — pH scale; types of chemical reactions; metals and non-metals — properties and reactivity series; carbon compounds — homologous series, functional groups, ethanol, ethanoic acid. |
| 3 | The World of the Living | Cell — structure (plant and animal), organelles and their functions; tissues in plants and animals; life processes — nutrition (autotrophic, heterotrophic), respiration (aerobic and anaerobic), transportation (heart, blood, lymph, xylem, phloem), excretion (kidneys, skin, lungs); reproduction — asexual methods, sexual reproduction in flowering plants and humans; heredity — Mendel’s laws, chromosomes, sex determination; evolution — Darwin’s theory, natural selection, speciation. |
| 4 | How Things Work — Motion and Force (Revised position in 2027) | Motion — scalar and vector quantities, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration; equations of motion; Newton’s three laws; gravitation — universal law, g, weight vs mass; work, energy, power; kinetic and potential energy; law of conservation of energy. |
| 5 | How Things Work — Light, Sound and Electricity | Light — reflection (laws, plane and curved mirrors), refraction (Snell’s law, glass slab, lens — concave and convex), dispersion, scattering (Tyndall effect, blue sky); human eye — structure, defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia), corrections; electricity — Ohm’s law, resistance (series and parallel), electric power, heating effects; magnetic effects — electromagnet, electric motor, electromagnetic induction, electric generator; sound — propagation, reflection, characteristics, human ear. |
| 6 | Natural Resources | Conventional energy sources — coal, petroleum, natural gas (fossil fuels, depletion concerns); non-conventional sources — solar, wind, hydro, biogas, tidal; management of natural resources — forests, wildlife, water; water harvesting methods; sustainable development — meeting present needs without compromising future generations. |
| 7 | Our Environment | Ecosystem — biotic and abiotic components, food chains and food webs, energy flow, trophic levels; biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances; pollution — air (causes, effects, control), water (causes, diseases, control), soil (causes, effects); ozone layer depletion; greenhouse effect and global warming; environmental protection legislation basics. |
NIOS Class X Science & Technology Chapter-wise Weightage
The chapter-wise weightage for the NIOS Class X Science and Technology subject is not provided in the source. The syllabus is organised into seven units as listed above.
NIOS Class X Science Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X Science syllabus (Subject Code 212) is divided into four domains. Each domain covers specific units and has a fixed weightage in the exam.
| Domain | Units / Topics | Approx Weightage |
|---|---|---|
| Physics | Motion and Force; Light, Sound and Electricity | ~30% |
| Biology | World of the Living (Cell, Life Processes, Reproduction, Heredity, Evolution) | ~30% |
| Chemistry | Matter and Materials (Atomic Structure, Reactions, Acids/Bases, Metals, Carbon) | ~25% |
| Environment & Resources | Natural Resources; Our Environment; Food and Nutrition | ~15% |
NIOS Class X Social Science Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X Social Science syllabus (Subject Code 213) covers History, Geography, Political Science, Economics, and Disaster Management. From the 2027 cycle, it also includes two new NEP 2020 modules: Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
The two new modules will be examined in the theory paper from 2027 — they are mandatory, not optional.
Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World (History)
This unit covers the rise of nationalism in Europe and nationalist movements in India. It also covers the making of a global world, the age of industrialisation, and print culture.
- Rise of nationalism in Europe
- Nationalist movements in India — Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930), Quit India Movement (1942)
- The Making of a Global World — trade, migration, and colonialism
- Age of Industrialisation — proto-industrialisation and factory system
- Print culture and modern society
Unit 2: Contemporary India (Geography)
This unit covers resources, agriculture, industries, and the lifelines of the national economy. It includes topics on resource types, conservation, and infrastructure.
- Resources and development — types of resources, land use, soil types and soil erosion
- Forest and wildlife resources — conservation
- Water resources — water scarcity, multipurpose dams, water harvesting
- Agriculture — cropping patterns, major crops, Green Revolution, sustainable agriculture
- Mineral and energy resources — distribution and conservation
- Manufacturing industries — industrial location, agro-based and mineral-based industries
- Lifelines of the national economy — roadways, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways, international trade
Unit 3: Democratic Politics (Civics)
This unit covers power sharing, federalism, and the functioning of democracy in India. It includes case studies and topics on political parties and social movements.
- Power sharing — Belgium and Sri Lanka case studies
- Federalism — Centre–State relations, decentralisation
- Democracy and diversity
- Gender, religion, and caste in Indian politics
- Political parties — functions, national and state parties
- Outcomes of democracy — accountability, responsiveness, equality
- Challenges to democracy
- Popular struggles and social movements
Unit 4: Understanding Economic Development
This unit covers development, sectors of the economy, money and credit, and globalisation. It also includes consumer rights and related acts.
- Development — national income vs per capita income, human development index
- Sectors of the Indian economy — primary, secondary, tertiary
- Money and credit — formal and informal credit, self-help groups, banking system
- Globalisation and the Indian economy — MNCs, trade liberalisation, impact
- Consumer rights — Consumer Protection Act, consumer courts, consumer movements
Unit 5: Disaster Management
This unit covers types of disasters and disaster preparedness. It includes guidelines from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and case studies.
- Types of disasters — natural (earthquake, flood, cyclone, drought, landslide) and man-made (fire, chemical spills, nuclear)
- Disaster preparedness and mitigation
- Community and government roles
- NDMA guidelines
- Mock drills
- Case studies — Bhuj earthquake (2001), Kedarnath floods (2013), Odisha cyclone
Unit 6: Digital Literacy (New — 2027)
This new module covers responsible digital citizenship and internet safety. It is added for the 2027 cycle under NEP 2020 life-skills alignment.
- Responsible digital citizenship
- Internet safety and privacy settings
- Identifying misinformation, fake news, and deepfakes
- Safe use of social media
- Basics of digital communication (email, video calls, messaging)
- E-governance services — DigiLocker, UMANG app, UIDAI/Aadhaar
- Cybersecurity — strong passwords, phishing awareness
Unit 7: Personal Financial Awareness (New — 2027)
This new module covers budgeting, savings, and insurance basics. It is added for the 2027 cycle under NEP 2020 life-skills alignment.
- Budgeting — income and expense planning
- Savings — savings accounts, fixed deposits, recurring deposits
- Insurance basics — life and health insurance
- Understanding inflation and its effect on savings
- Government welfare and financial inclusion schemes (Jan Dhan Yojana, PM Mudra Yojana)
- Basics of financial planning for students and young adults
NIOS Class X English Syllabus 2027
The NIOS Class X English syllabus is part of the Class X curriculum. Detailed subject-wise topics are provided separately for each subject.
NIOS Class X English Syllabus (Subject Code 202)
The NIOS Class X English syllabus (Subject Code 202) tests four skill areas: reading comprehension, writing, grammar, and literature from the prescribed NIOS English Reader. Writing and Grammar sections together carry approximately 45 marks out of 80 in the theory paper.
Exam Pattern and Mark Distribution
| Section | Topics Covered | Theory Marks |
|---|---|---|
| Section A: Reading | Two unseen passages — one factual (report, article) and one literary or discursive; reading for main idea and specific information; note-making and summarising; vocabulary in context (synonyms, antonyms, word meaning); short-answer and MCQ comprehension questions. | 20 marks |
| Section B: Writing | Formal letters — application, complaint, and request letters; informal/personal letters; paragraph writing on given hints; essay writing on social, environmental, or familiar topics; story writing from a given outline; notice and poster writing; message writing. | 25 marks |
| Section C: Grammar | Tenses — simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous; subject-verb agreement; active and passive voice; direct and indirect (reported) speech; articles, determiners, and prepositions; transformation of sentences; editing exercises (identifying and correcting errors); omission exercises. | 20 marks |
| Section D: Literature | Prescribed NIOS English Reader — selected prose lessons and poems; comprehension questions on prescribed texts; questions on themes, central ideas, and character development; appreciation questions on poetic devices in prescribed poems. | 15 marks |
NIOS Class X Hindi Syllabus (Subject Code 201)
The NIOS Class X Hindi syllabus (Subject Code 201) tests four areas: Padya (Poetry), Gadya (Prose), Vyakaran (Grammar), and Lekhan (Writing). Vyakaran carries 25 marks out of 80 in theory — the highest single-section allocation in the Hindi paper.
Exam Pattern and Mark Distribution
| Section | Topics Covered | Theory Marks |
|---|---|---|
| पद्य — Padya (Poetry) | Prescribed NIOS Hindi poems — themes, central ideas, and emotions; figures of speech (Alankar — Upama, Rupak, Utpreksha, Anupras); Ras (literary sentiments — Shringar, Veer, Karuna, Hasya); Chhand (poetic metre); appreciation and comprehension questions on prescribed poems. | 15 marks |
| गद्य — Gadya (Prose) | Prescribed NIOS Hindi prose lessons (essays, stories, biographical pieces); comprehension questions on main ideas and paragraph meaning; questions on author's purpose, tone, and language use; unseen Hindi passage for short-answer comprehension. | 20 marks |
| व्याकरण — Vyakaran (Grammar) | Sandhi and Sandhi Viched (word joining rules — Swar, Vyanjan, Visarga Sandhi); Samas and Samas Vigraha (compound words — Tatpurusha, Dwandwa, Bahuvrihi, Avyayibhav); Karak (cases — Karta, Karma, Karana, Sampradaan, Apadaan, Sambandh, Adhikaran, Sambodhan); Kaal (tenses — Bhoot, Vartaman, Bhavishy with subtypes); Vakya Bhed (simple, compound, complex sentences and transformations); Muhavare and Lokoktiyan (idioms and proverbs); Shodhana (sentence correction — grammar errors). | 25 marks |
| लेखन — Lekhan (Writing) | Patra Lekhan — formal (Sarkari/Aupcharik) and informal (Vyaktigat/Anaupcharik) letters; Nibandh Lekhan (essay on social, environmental, national, or general interest topics); Anuched Lekhan (paragraph writing on given hint/title); Samvad Lekhan (dialogue writing between two people); Sandesh Lekhan (message writing — SMS/written format). | 20 marks |
NIOS Class X Other Subjects Syllabus
Beyond the five core subjects above, NIOS offers a wide range of elective and language subjects at the Secondary level. Verify the subject code and availability on nios.ac.in before completing registration — subject offerings may vary by session.
NIOS Class X Subject List and Codes
The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) offers several subjects for the Class X exam. Each subject has a specific code and defined key areas of study.
| Subject | Subject Code | Key Areas Covered |
|---|---|---|
| Economics | 214 | Introduction to economics; consumer and producer behaviour; market structures; Indian economy — sectors, planning; poverty, unemployment; economic reforms post-1991 and globalisation. |
| Business Studies | 215 | Nature and purpose of business; forms of business organisation (sole proprietorship, partnership, company, cooperative); business finance; marketing fundamentals; business communication; entrepreneurship; e-commerce basics. |
| Home Science | 216 | Food and nutrition for family health; child development (0–6 years milestones); fabric types and clothing care; home resource management; family health and hygiene; consumer rights and smart purchasing. |
| Psychology | 222 | Introduction to psychology as a science; learning theories; memory — types and processes; intelligence and its measurement; personality theories; mental health and common disorders; social behaviour and attitudes. |
| Indian Culture and Heritage | 223 | Unity in diversity — India’s cultural mosaic; Indian art and architecture (Ajanta, Khajuraho, Mughal); classical and folk traditions; Indian music and dance forms; festivals and their social significance; India’s contributions to world civilisation (mathematics, astronomy, medicine). |
| Accountancy | 224 | Accounting principles and conventions; double-entry system; journal entries, ledger, trial balance; final accounts (Trading Account, P&L Account, Balance Sheet); bank reconciliation statement; bills of exchange basics. |
| Data Entry Operations | 229 | Computer fundamentals — hardware, software, memory; operating system basics (Windows); word processing; spreadsheets (MS Excel basics); internet and email use; digital safety; data entry accuracy, speed, and formatting. |
NIOS Class X Subject-wise Marks and Weightage 2027
Each NIOS Secondary subject carries 100 marks total. Theory (Public Examination) and Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) scores are combined to arrive at the final aggregate per subject.
A minimum 33% aggregate (theory + TMA combined) is required to pass each subject. Strong TMA marks can compensate for weaker theory performance.
| Subject | Code | Theory Marks | TMA Marks | Total | High-Weightage Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hindi | 201 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Vyakaran (Grammar), Lekhan (Writing) |
| English | 202 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Writing Skills (Section B), Grammar (Section C) |
| Mathematics | 211 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Algebra (~25%), Geometry (~20%), Mensuration (~15%) |
| Science & Technology | 212 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Physics (How Things Work), Biology (World of the Living) |
| Social Science | 213 | 80 | 20 | 100 | History, Geography, Democratic Politics; new 2027 modules |
| Economics | 214 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Indian Economy, Market Structures, Consumer Rights |
| Business Studies | 215 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Business Organisation, Marketing, Entrepreneurship |
| Home Science | 216 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Food & Nutrition, Child Development |
| Data Entry Operations | 229 | 80 | 20 | 100 | Computer Fundamentals, Word Processing, Spreadsheets |
Best Books for NIOS Class X 2027
NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs) are the primary resource for every subject. Start exclusively with NIOS SLMs, since the 2027 revised content for Science and Social Science is not available in NCERT or any other textbook.
Use supplementary books only after completing the SLM for each subject.
NIOS Class X Recommended Books 2027
The table below lists the recommended books for each NIOS Class X subject. The NIOS Self-Learning Materials (SLMs) are the primary resource for every subject.
| Subject | Book Name | Author / Publisher | Why This Book |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics | NIOS Secondary Mathematics (Self-Learning Material) | NIOS Publication | Primary resource; covers all 8 units with worked examples and practice exercises aligned to the exam paper |
| Mathematics | Mathematics for Class 10 | R.D. Sharma / Dhanpat Rai | Extensive additional problems for Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration; builds speed and accuracy for theory paper |
| Science & Technology | NIOS Secondary Science & Technology (SLM) | NIOS Publication | Only resource aligned to the 2027 revised chapter sequence; covers Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Environment in one integrated material |
| Science & Technology | Science Textbook for Class 9 and Class 10 | NCERT | Strong conceptual supplement for Physics and Chemistry; NIOS science content draws directly from NCERT frameworks |
| Social Science | NIOS Secondary Social Science (SLM) | NIOS Publication | Only source for the two new 2027 modules (Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness); also covers History, Geography, Civics, Economics |
| Social Science | NCERT Class 9–10 (History, Geography, Civics, Economics) | NCERT | Useful supplement for depth in History and Geography units; NIOS Social Science core content is derived from this framework |
| English | NIOS Secondary English SLM and English Reader | NIOS Publication | Contains all prescribed prose and poetry for Section D; also provides language exercises for grammar and writing sections |
| English | High School English Grammar and Composition | Wren & Martin / S. Chand | Comprehensive grammar reference; excellent for mastering voice, narration, and transformation questions in Section C |
| Hindi | NIOS Secondary Hindi SLM | NIOS Publication | Only source for prescribed NIOS Hindi prose, poetry, and grammar rules; mandatory for Section D literature questions |
| Hindi | Saral Hindi Vyakaran | Various publishers | Focused grammar supplement for Sandhi, Samas, Alankar, Ras, Muhavare — topics that appear in every NIOS Hindi theory paper |
Source: National Institute of Open Schooling — Secondary Courses (nios.ac.in)
How to Download NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027 PDF
Follow these steps to download the official NIOS Secondary (Class X) syllabus PDF from the NIOS website.
- Visit the official NIOS website at nios.ac.in.
- On the homepage, navigate to the "Secondary" section or look for the Academic Programmes menu.
- Click on "Online Course Material" or "Secondary Courses" in the navigation.
- A list of subjects will appear — click on the name of your chosen subject.
- Look for the "Syllabus" or "Course Introduction" PDF link on the subject page.
- Click the link — the syllabus PDF will open in a new browser tab.
- Press Ctrl + S (Windows) or Cmd + S (Mac) to save the PDF to your device.
- Alternatively, click the download icon in your PDF viewer to save the file directly.
Note: If the 2027-specific syllabus is not yet separately listed, the current version on nios.ac.in applies and includes the NEP 2020 updates. Bookmark the official page and return once the 2027 session notification is published.
NIOS Class X Preparation Tips 2027
NIOS's self-paced model places full schedule responsibility on the student. Create a weekly study timetable that covers all five chosen subjects and reserves dedicated time for TMA completion at least one month before each block's deadline. Use the subject-wise tips below to focus effort where it matters most.
Mathematics
- Algebra and Geometry together account for nearly 45% of the Mathematics theory paper — start with these two units before anything else.
- Solve every practice exercise in the NIOS SLM before moving to supplementary books like R.D. Sharma.
- Practice Commercial Mathematics problems daily — they are formula-based and yield direct marks without lengthy reasoning.
- Attempt five previous year NIOS Mathematics papers under full timed conditions before the exam.
Science & Technology
- Use the 2027 NIOS SLM exclusively for chapter order — it places Motion and Force before Light and Sound, and older materials do not.
- Draw and label diagrams for every Biology topic — NIOS exam papers award 2–3 marks per diagram and frequently require them.
- Memorise key chemical equations for the Matter and Materials unit — these are direct, predictable marks in every paper.
- Study Natural Resources (Unit 6) and Our Environment (Unit 7) together — they share concepts and exam questions often bridge both.
Social Science
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Preparation Tips
Science & Technology (212)
- Prepare the two new 2027 modules — Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness — from the updated NIOS SLM only. These modules are not in NCERT or older editions.
- Create a timeline of key events in the Indian freedom struggle. Date and movement-based questions appear in every NIOS Social Science paper.
- For Geography, practise labelling India outline maps. Resource distribution, major crops, and transport routes are common map-based questions.
- For Civics and Economics, focus on definitions and real-world examples. Short-answer questions dominate these units.
English
- Practise writing one formal letter and one essay every week from the start of your preparation. Format fluency improves with habit, not last-minute effort.
- Master active–passive voice and direct–indirect speech transformations. These appear in every NIOS English grammar section without exception.
- Read all prescribed prose and poetry in the NIOS English Reader twice before the exam.
- For reading comprehension, practise skimming for main ideas and scanning for specific data. Both save time during the paper.
Hindi
- Memorise rules and examples of Sandhi, Samas, and Alankar with practice. These are the highest-frequency grammar questions.
- Essay and letter writing together carry approximately 20–25 marks in the Hindi theory paper. Practise both formats every week.
- Read all prescribed NIOS Hindi prose and poetry at least twice. Focus on the central idea and the mood of each piece.
- Prepare a revision sheet of 25–30 common Muhavare and Lokoktiyan. These appear reliably in the grammar section and take seconds to answer if memorised.
TMA (Tutor Marked Assignment) Strategy
- Submit your TMA at least 2–3 weeks before the official deadline. Missing submission makes you ineligible for that block's theory exam.
- Write TMA answers in your own words using the NIOS SLM content. Responses that appear copied lose marks at the study centre.
- Keep a photocopy or photograph of every submitted TMA page for your own reference in case of any discrepancy.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027 FAQs
Has the NIOS Class X syllabus been revised for 2027?
Yes. Two subjects have been updated for the 2027 cycle under NEP 2020 alignment. Science & Technology (212) has revised chapter sequencing — Motion and Force now precede Light and Sound. Social Science (213) has two new mandatory modules: Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
All other subjects continue with the existing syllabus. Download the updated NIOS SLMs from nios.ac.in to access the revised content.
How many subjects do I need to pass for the NIOS Class X certificate?
You must pass a minimum of 5 subjects to receive the NIOS Secondary (Class X) certificate. At least one of the five must be a language subject (such as Hindi or English).
You may include a maximum of two language subjects in your five chosen subjects.
What is the minimum passing mark for NIOS Class X 2027?
You must secure a minimum of 33% aggregate marks in each subject. The 33% is calculated on the combined score of theory (Public Examination) and TMA.
For a subject with 80 marks theory and 20 marks TMA (total 100), you need at least 33 marks combined to pass. There is no separate minimum for TMA alone — TMA marks contribute to the total aggregate.
Where can I download the NIOS Class X 2027 official syllabus PDF?
The official NIOS Secondary syllabus PDF is available free of charge at nios.ac.in. Navigate to Online Course Material > Secondary Courses, select your subject, and download the subject-wise syllabus or SLM introduction PDF.
What is TMA in NIOS and how does it affect my final score?
TMA stands for Tutor Marked Assignment. It is a set of home assignments you complete using your SLM and submit to your study centre before the theory exam.
TMA carries 20 marks out of 100 per subject. These marks are added to your theory score to compute the final aggregate. Missing the TMA submission deadline can make you ineligible to appear in that session's theory examination.
Are NIOS SLMs enough for the Class X exam, or do I also need NCERT books?
NIOS SLMs are the primary and most important study resource. The 2027 revised content for Social Science (two new modules) and the revised chapter sequence for Science are available only in the updated NIOS SLMs — not in NCERT.
You can use NCERT Class 9–10 books as supplements for Science (Physics, Chemistry concepts) and Social Science (History, Geography depth). Always start and prioritise the NIOS SLM for every subject.
NIOS Class X Exam Sessions for 2027
The NIOS Secondary exam is held in two blocks. Block I is in April–May 2027 and Block II is in October–November 2027.
A student can appear in both sessions in the same year. This is allowed for different subjects or to improve scores in the same subject.
The On Demand Examination (ODE) facility is also available. It is offered for selected subjects throughout the year at authorised ODE centres.
Important Chapters in NIOS Class X Mathematics for 2027
The most important chapters are Algebra, Geometry, and Mensuration. These three units together account for approximately 60% of the Mathematics theory paper.
- Algebra: quadratic equations, linear equations in two variables, arithmetic progressions
- Geometry: similar triangles, circles and tangents, constructions
- Mensuration: surface areas, volumes, frustum
Trigonometry and Statistics are also regularly tested. These subjects should not be skipped.
New Topics in NIOS Class X Social Science Syllabus for 2027
Two new modules have been added to Social Science (213) under NEP 2020. These are Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
Digital Literacy covers internet safety, identifying fake news, e-governance services, and cybersecurity basics. Personal Financial Awareness covers budgeting, savings accounts, insurance, inflation, and government financial inclusion schemes.
Both modules will be tested in the 2027 theory paper. They are available only in the updated NIOS SLM.
Changing Subject Choices After Registration
NIOS allows subject changes within a limited window after the initial registration date. The application must be submitted through sdmis.nios.ac.in or the study centre.
The change must be made before the subject change deadline for your block. Once that window closes, modifications are not permitted for that session.
Check nios.ac.in for the exact deadline after the 2027 session schedule is officially published.
Recognition of the NIOS Class X Certificate
Yes, the NIOS Secondary (Class X) certificate is recognised as equivalent to Class 10. This recognition comes from the Association of Indian Universities (AIU), the Ministry of Education (Government of India), and Central and State Government employers.
The certificate is accepted for admission to Class 11 or 12 in most institutions. It is also accepted for government job eligibility where Class 10 is the minimum qualification.
How to Cover the Full Syllabus in 6 Months
Divide preparation into three phases. Each phase has a specific focus.
| Phase | Months | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 | Months 1–2 | Read all NIOS SLMs for the five subjects and complete all in-text exercises. |
| Phase 2 | Months 3–4 | Complete and submit the TMA, revise weak topics, and begin solving previous year question papers. |
| Phase 3 | Months 5–6 | Full syllabus revision, subject-wise mock tests, and preparation of quick-reference sheets for formulas, dates, definitions, grammar rules, and Muhavare. |
Aim for 3–4 hours of focused study daily across all subjects.
*The article might have information for the previous academic years, which will be updated soon subject to the notification issued by the University/College.
NIOS Class X Syllabus 2027: Key Updates
The NIOS Class X syllabus has been revised for the 2027 cycle under NEP 2020 alignment. Two subjects have been updated.
Science & Technology (212) has revised chapter sequencing. Motion and Force now precede Light and Sound. Social Science (213) has two new mandatory modules: Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness.
All other subjects continue with the existing syllabus. Download the updated NIOS SLMs from nios.ac.in to access the revised content.
Subjects Required for NIOS Class X Certificate
A minimum of 5 subjects must be passed to receive the NIOS Secondary (Class X) certificate. At least one of the five must be a language subject, such as Hindi or English.
A maximum of two language subjects can be included in the five chosen subjects.
Minimum Passing Marks for NIOS Class X 2027
A minimum of 33% aggregate marks is required in each subject. The 33% is calculated on the combined score of theory (Public Examination) and TMA.
For a subject with 80 marks theory and 20 marks TMA (total 100), at least 33 marks combined are needed to pass. There is no separate minimum for TMA alone; TMA marks contribute to the total aggregate.
Official NIOS Class X 2027 Syllabus PDF Download
The official NIOS Secondary syllabus PDF is available free of charge at nios.ac.in. Navigate to Online Course Material > Secondary Courses.
Select the subject and download the subject-wise syllabus or SLM introduction PDF.
What is TMA in NIOS and Its Impact on Final Score
TMA stands for Tutor Marked Assignment. It is a set of home assignments completed using the SLM and submitted to the study centre before the theory exam.
TMA carries 20 marks out of 100 per subject. These marks are added to the theory score to compute the final aggregate. Missing the TMA submission deadline can make a student ineligible to appear in that session's theory examination.
NIOS SLMs vs NCERT Books for Class X Exam
NIOS SLMs are the primary and most important study resource. The 2027 revised content for Social Science (two new modules) and the revised chapter sequence for Science are available only in the updated NIOS SLMs, not in NCERT.
NCERT Class 9-10 books can be used as supplements for Science (Physics, Chemistry concepts) and Social Science (History, Geography depth). Always start and prioritise the NIOS SLM for every subject.
Number of Exam Attempts for NIOS Class X in 2027
NIOS conducts the Secondary exam in two blocks: Block I in April-May 2027 and Block II in October-November 2027. A student can appear in both sessions in the same year for different subjects or to improve scores in the same subject.
The On Demand Examination (ODE) facility is available for selected subjects throughout the year at authorised ODE centres.
Important Chapters in NIOS Class X Mathematics for 2027
The most important chapters are Algebra (quadratic equations, linear equations in two variables, arithmetic progressions), Geometry (similar triangles, circles and tangents, constructions), and Mensuration (surface areas, volumes, frustum).
Together, these three units account for approximately 60% of the Mathematics theory paper. Trigonometry and Statistics are also regularly tested and should not be skipped.
New Topics in NIOS Class X Social Science Syllabus for 2027
Two new modules have been added to Social Science (213) under NEP 2020: Digital Literacy and Personal Financial Awareness. Digital Literacy covers internet safety, identifying fake news, e-governance services, and cybersecurity basics.
Personal Financial Awareness covers budgeting, savings accounts, insurance, inflation, and government financial inclusion schemes. Both modules will be tested in the 2027 theory paper and are available only in the updated NIOS SLM.
Changing Subject Choices After NIOS Class X 2027 Registration
NIOS allows subject changes within a limited window after the initial registration date. Application must be made through sdmis.nios.ac.in or the study centre before the subject change deadline for the block.
Once that window closes, modifications are not permitted for that session. Check nios.ac.in for the exact deadline after the 2027 session schedule is officially published.
Recognition of NIOS Class X Certificate
The NIOS Secondary (Class X) certificate is recognised as equivalent to Class 10 by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU), the Ministry of Education (Government of India), and Central and State Government employers.
It is accepted for admission to Class 11 or 12 in most institutions and for government job eligibility where Class 10 is the minimum qualification.
How to Cover the Full NIOS Class X Syllabus in 6 Months
Divide preparation into three phases. Phase 1 (months 1-2): read all NIOS SLMs for the five subjects and complete all in-text exercises.
Phase 2 (months 3-4): revise each subject and solve previous years' question papers. Phase 3 (months 5-6): focus on weak areas, take mock tests, and complete TMAs well before the deadline.
NIOS Board Class X Exam Preparation Plan
This study plan is divided into three phases over six months. The goal is to complete the syllabus, practice thoroughly, and revise before the exam.
Phase 2 (Months 3 and 4)
In this phase, the focus is on completing and submitting the Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA). Students should also revise weak topics and start solving previous year question papers.
- Complete and submit the TMA.
- Revise topics that need more attention.
- Begin solving previous year question papers.
Phase 3 (Months 5 and 6)
This phase is for full syllabus revision and practice through mock tests. Students should also prepare quick-reference sheets for last-minute revision.
- Revise the entire syllabus.
- Take subject-wise mock tests.
- Prepare quick-reference sheets for formulas, dates, definitions, grammar rules, and Muhavare.
Daily Study Target
Aim for 3 to 4 hours of focused study daily across all subjects. Consistent daily study is essential to cover the syllabus and complete revision on time.
